充分發(fa)揮(hui)社會主義協商民主的獨特優(you)勢(shi)
習近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記指(zhi)出，“協商民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)(de)、獨(du)有的(de)(de)、獨(du)到的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式”。作為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成部分，協商民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)(te)既來(lai)自于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨把馬克(ke)思(si)列寧主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義統(tong)一(yi)戰線理論(lun)(lun)、政黨理論(lun)(lun)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治理論(lun)(lun)同中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)實(shi)際相結合，在守正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創新(xin)(xin)、在創新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)實(shi)踐特(te)(te)質(zhi)，又具有深植于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)獨(du)特(te)(te)歷史(shi)文(wen)化傳(chuan)統(tong)，汲(ji)取中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)優(you)秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)化養分內斂出的(de)(de)精神(shen)旨趣與文(wen)明(ming)特(te)(te)質(zhi)。以習近(jin)平(ping)新(xin)(xin)時代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義思(si)想為指(zhi)導(dao)，充分發揮我(wo)國(guo)協商民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)(te)優(you)勢，探索面向未來(lai)的(de)(de)理論(lun)(lun)和(he)制度創新(xin)(xin)，是協商民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)條件下發展(zhan)的(de)(de)應有之義。
從歷(li)史(shi)(shi)演進(jin)與(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承來(lai)看，中(zhong)華民(min)族長(chang)期(qi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)天下為(wei)公、兼容(rong)并蓄(xu)、求同存異等優秀(xiu)傳統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)我國(guo)協(xie)商(shang)民(min)主的(de)(de)重要來(lai)源，這(zhe)些珍貴的(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)資源為(wei)社會(hui)主義協(xie)商(shang)民(min)主政(zheng)治的(de)(de)當代實踐和(he)創新發展(zhan)提(ti)供了獨(du)特的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)滋養。開展(zhan)協(xie)商(shang)取(qu)決于是(shi)否能夠(gou)在共(gong)同體內部凝聚共(gong)識，化(hua)(hua)(hua)解(jie)沖突。中(zhong)華優秀(xiu)傳統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)政(zheng)治哲學(xue)強調“和(he)而(er)不(bu)同”“人和(he)政(zheng)通”，主張通過“兼容(rong)并蓄(xu)”“博采眾長(chang)”的(de)(de)包(bao)容(rong)性(xing)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)策略，在國(guo)家(jia)、社會(hui)、家(jia)庭共(gong)同體內部的(de)(de)諸個體之間構建出豁免沖突的(de)(de)習慣法保障(zhang)與(yu)(yu)凝聚共(gong)識的(de)(de)價值引導。社會(hui)主義協(xie)商(shang)民(min)主在傳承、闡揚中(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)因的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，以嶄新的(de)(de)思(si)想內容(rong)豐(feng)富(fu)發展(zhan)了中(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)(tong)政(zheng)治的(de)(de)這(zhe)一“包(bao)容(rong)性(xing)智(zhi)慧”，通過科學(xue)有(you)效的(de)(de)制度安排與(yu)(yu)現(xian)代性(xing)的(de)(de)協(xie)商(shang)倫理(li)重構，將(jiang)中(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)(tong)樸素的(de)(de)政(zheng)治文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)理(li)想轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)成了切實有(you)效、邏輯自(zi)洽的(de)(de)民(min)主形(xing)式，賦予了歷(li)史(shi)(shi)傳統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)協(xie)商(shang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、協(xie)商(shang)思(si)想新的(de)(de)時(shi)代內涵與(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)精神(shen)。
從(cong)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)長(chang)期的(de)(de)具體實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)來看，其實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)優勢源于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)國社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)緊(jin)密結合(he)。習近平總(zong)書(shu)記深刻指出：“中(zhong)國特色社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度之(zhi)(zhi)所以行得通、有(you)生命力、有(you)效率，就是因為它是從(cong)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)土壤中(zhong)生長(chang)起來的(de)(de)。”社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不是建立在(zai)抽象的(de)(de)“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權在(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)”的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)則、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)規范之(zhi)(zhi)上，也并非脫離(li)中(zhong)國社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)邏輯推(tui)演和理(li)(li)論預(yu)設。協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存有(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、人(ren)大協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)團體協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、基層(ceng)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)組織協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)等渠道(dao)，要(yao)借(jie)助這些廣泛、多(duo)層(ceng)次、制度化(hua)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)渠道(dao)來推(tui)進多(duo)黨(dang)(dang)合(he)作事業，擴大人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)有(you)序(xu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)參與(yu)(yu)，自上而下地(di)推(tui)動(dong)國家治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)能力、治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)體系(xi)現代(dai)化(hua)，必然要(yao)求將民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決策、民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管理(li)(li)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)監(jian)督等民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)運行多(duo)個環(huan)節中(zhong)的(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)國社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)經濟、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)、文(wen)化(hua)格局相適應，與(yu)(yu)解(jie)決發展(zhan)問題緊(jin)密結合(he)，充分體現人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)意(yi)志(zhi)、利益(yi)訴求，使全過程(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)具體地(di)、務實(shi)(shi)地(di)體現到(dao)黨(dang)(dang)治(zhi)(zhi)國理(li)(li)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策措施上來，促成社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)內(nei)部的(de)(de)全體成員之(zhi)(zhi)間達成基于(yu)共同意(yi)愿(yuan)的(de)(de)一致(zhi)性行動(dong)，接(jie)受協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)制度的(de)(de)普遍安(an)排，才能夠確保(bao)“有(you)事好商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)量(liang)”的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)有(you)序(xu)運轉，在(zai)穩(wen)定實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)持續釋放出社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)強大的(de)(de)制度效能。
中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)的(de)領導(dao)是我國(guo)社會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)健(jian)康發展的(de)前提條件(jian)(jian)和根(gen)本政(zheng)治保證(zheng)。充(chong)分發揮社會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)獨(du)特優勢，必須(xu)堅(jian)持黨(dang)的(de)領導(dao)，堅(jian)持各級黨(dang)組(zu)織對協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)組(zu)織協(xie)(xie)調。以中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)領導(dao)的(de)多(duo)黨(dang)合作和政(zheng)治協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)運行(xing)(xing)機制(zhi)為(wei)依(yi)托，將(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)華優秀傳統文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)具有(you)包容性(xing)、創(chuang)新(xin)性(xing)特征的(de)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)化(hua)通過創(chuang)造性(xing)轉(zhuan)化(hua)、創(chuang)新(xin)性(xing)發展轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)新(xin)的(de)時代條件(jian)(jian)下支撐協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)資源(yuan)；深化(hua)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)程序完(wan)善與制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)改革，推動協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與國(guo)家(jia)治理(li)有(you)效銜(xian)接，將(jiang)(jiang)不同治理(li)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體和廣大人民(min)(min)群眾日常生(sheng)活中(zhong)積累的(de)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)經(jing)驗轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)化(hua)、組(zu)織化(hua)、規范(fan)化(hua)的(de)政(zheng)治實踐規范(fan)與行(xing)(xing)動意愿。
（作者馬一文系(xi)電子科技大(da)學(xue)(xue)大(da)學(xue)(xue)生文化素質教育中心教師(shi)；劉宗(zong)靈系(xi)電子科技大(da)學(xue)(xue)馬克思主義學(xue)(xue)院教授、博士生導師(shi)）
