不斷深(shen)化對(dui)全(quan)過程(cheng)人民(min)民(min)主的認識
習近(jin)平總書記在黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)二十大報告中指(zhi)出：“全過(guo)程(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治的(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)屬性，是(shi)最廣泛、最真實、最管(guan)用的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。”全過(guo)程(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不是(shi)無(wu)源(yuan)之(zhi)水、無(wu)本(ben)之(zhi)木，而是(shi)我們黨(dang)(dang)團結帶領人民(min)(min)(min)(min)追求民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、發展(zhan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、實現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)偉大創造，是(shi)不斷深化(hua)對(dui)(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治發展(zhan)規律(lv)認(ren)識、推進民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治實踐創新取得的(de)(de)重大成(cheng)果。我們要加強對(dui)(dui)全過(guo)程(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)研究闡釋，充(chong)分揭示(shi)其理論價值(zhi)、實踐價值(zhi)、世界(jie)價值(zhi)，推動(dong)全過(guo)程(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)彰顯更旺盛的(de)(de)生命力。
有根有源有傳承
習近平總書記指(zhi)出：“各國國情(qing)不同，每個國家(jia)的(de)政治制(zhi)度都是獨特的(de)，都是由(you)這個國家(jia)的(de)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)決(jue)定的(de)，都是在這個國家(jia)歷史傳(chuan)承、文化(hua)傳(chuan)統、經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)的(de)基礎上長期發展(zhan)、漸進(jin)改進(jin)、內生性(xing)演化(hua)的(de)結(jie)果。”全過程人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主以馬克思主義民(min)(min)(min)主理論(lun)為思想來(lai)源(yuan)，形成(cheng)發展(zhan)于黨帶領(ling)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)爭取(qu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)獨立(li)、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)解(jie)放和(he)實現(xian)國家(jia)富強、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)幸福的(de)壯闊歷程，注重(zhong)從中華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統文化(hua)中汲取(qu)智慧和(he)養分，有(you)根(gen)有(you)源(yuan)有(you)傳(chuan)承，是我們黨不斷推進(jin)民(min)(min)(min)主理論(lun)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、制(zhi)度創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、實踐創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)經(jing)驗結(jie)晶。
民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要政(zheng)治(zhi)理念。理解馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觀念，既(ji)要從(cong)馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)關(guan)于民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般(ban)價值和(he)理論的(de)(de)(de)思(si)考中認識(shi)，也(ye)要從(cong)其對(dui)于未來理想社(she)會新(xin)型民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)構想中去把握。《共產黨宣言》提(ti)出(chu)：“代替那存(cun)在著階(jie)級(ji)和(he)階(jie)級(ji)對(dui)立的(de)(de)(de)資產階(jie)級(ji)舊社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)，將是(shi)這樣一個聯合(he)體，在那里，每個人的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)一切(qie)人的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)條件。”無產階(jie)級(ji)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)消滅(mie)剝削和(he)壓迫(po)、實現人民(min)(min)當家(jia)作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)供現實政(zheng)治(zhi)社(she)會條件，為(wei)(wei)人的(de)(de)(de)自由(you)而全(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供政(zheng)治(zhi)保障和(he)支持(chi)。
中國共產(chan)黨(dang)自成(cheng)立(li)(li)之日(ri)起就高舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)旗幟(zhi)，致力于建(jian)(jian)設(she)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)新社會(hui)(hui)。1945年，毛澤東同(tong)志(zhi)在《論聯(lian)合政府》的(de)(de)報(bao)告中明確提(ti)出：“人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，只有人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，才是創造(zao)世界歷(li)史的(de)(de)動(dong)力。”我(wo)們黨(dang)始(shi)終堅持人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)至(zhi)上，把人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)作為推動(dong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)步的(de)(de)真正動(dong)力，動(dong)員廣大人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)參(can)與(yu)到革(ge)命(ming)斗爭(zheng)中。土地(di)革(ge)命(ming)時期，黨(dang)在中央(yang)蘇(su)區建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)中華蘇(su)維埃共和(he)國，開始(shi)了(le)區域性政權民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)探索(suo)。抗日(ri)戰爭(zheng)時期，抗日(ri)根據地(di)實行(xing)“三三制”，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)抗日(ri)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政權，以(yi)參(can)議(yi)會(hui)(hui)為最高權力機(ji)關(guan)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)各級立(li)(li)法、行(xing)政、司法機(ji)關(guan)。《陜甘寧(ning)邊區各級參(can)議(yi)會(hui)(hui)選(xuan)舉(ju)條例》的(de)(de)公布、“豆選(xuan)法”等選(xuan)舉(ju)形式的(de)(de)創造(zao)，保障了(le)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)真實性和(he)廣泛性。新中國成(cheng)立(li)(li)后(hou)，黨(dang)領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)和(he)鞏固(gu)國家政權，人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)政治架(jia)構、經(jing)濟(ji)基礎、法律原則、制度框架(jia)基本確立(li)(li)并(bing)不斷發展(zhan)，中國人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)通過艱苦奮斗取得的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治權利以(yi)制度的(de)(de)形式鞏固(gu)下(xia)來。
社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)愈發展，民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)愈發展。改(gai)革開(kai)放后，鄧(deng)小平(ping)同(tong)志強調：“沒有(you)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)就沒有(you)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)，就沒有(you)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的現代(dai)化”“我們進(jin)(jin)行(xing)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現代(dai)化建設(she)，是要在經濟上(shang)趕上(shang)發達的資本主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)國家，在政(zheng)治(zhi)上(shang)創造比資本主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)國家的民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)更高(gao)更切(qie)實的民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)”。我們黨(dang)領(ling)導人民(min)(min)(min)堅定不移(yi)推進(jin)(jin)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)法治(zhi)建設(she)，民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)、法治(zhi)、公平(ping)等觀念深入人心，選舉民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)、協商民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)、基層民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)等有(you)序推進(jin)(jin)，依法治(zhi)國順利展開(kai)，服務(wu)型政(zheng)府、法治(zhi)政(zheng)府建設(she)逐漸深入……民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)發展的政(zheng)治(zhi)制度保障和社(she)會(hui)物質(zhi)基礎更加堅實。
新(xin)時代(dai)以來，以習近(jin)平同志為(wei)核心的黨中(zhong)央(yang)立足新(xin)的歷(li)史方位，在(zai)推進(jin)社會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)現代(dai)化建設(she)的過(guo)程中(zhong)，提出全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人民(min)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)大理念(nian)，健全(quan)(quan)人民(min)當家作主(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)體(ti)系，拓展民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)渠道、豐富民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)形式，推動全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人民(min)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)取得歷(li)史性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)就，成(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)時代(dai)我國民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政治領域(yu)具有重(zhong)大創(chuang)新(xin)意義(yi)的標志性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)果(guo)。
體現我們黨對民主政治發展規律的科學把握
習近平總(zong)書記強調：“如何把民主(zhu)(zhu)價(jia)值和理(li)念轉化為科學有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度安(an)排(pai)，轉化為具體現(xian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)，需要注(zhu)重歷史和現(xian)實(shi)、理(li)論和實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)、形式(shi)和內(nei)容(rong)有(you)(you)機(ji)統一(yi)，找到正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)體制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和方(fang)(fang)式(shi)方(fang)(fang)法。”全過(guo)程人(ren)民民主(zhu)(zhu)把民主(zhu)(zhu)價(jia)值和理(li)念轉化為科學有(you)(you)效(xiao)制(zhi)(zhi)度安(an)排(pai)和具體現(xian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)，體現(xian)了我們黨對民主(zhu)(zhu)政治發(fa)展規律的(de)(de)(de)科學把握。
深(shen)化對民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展道(dao)路(lu)的(de)(de)認(ren)識。民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)共(gong)同價(jia)值，不是(shi)哪個國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)專利，而(er)是(shi)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)權利。我國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，不照(zhao)搬照(zhao)抄別國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)模式(shi)，而(er)是(shi)堅持(chi)(chi)按照(zhao)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)特點、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)實(shi)際來設(she)計和(he)發(fa)(fa)展；不脫(tuo)離發(fa)(fa)展和(he)治理空談民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，而(er)是(shi)讓(rang)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)追求美(mei)好生活的(de)(de)內容和(he)保障(zhang)，成為(wei)社會進(jin)步的(de)(de)推(tui)進(jin)器。我國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展全(quan)過程人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)并(bing)取得巨大成功的(de)(de)事實(shi)充分表(biao)明，只有扎(zha)根于本(ben)國(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)文化傳統、依托于本(ben)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)實(shi)踐探索和(he)智慧(hui)創造，才能(neng)(neng)走出適(shi)合自(zi)己的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展道(dao)路(lu)；只有適(shi)合自(zi)己的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，才能(neng)(neng)不斷發(fa)(fa)展完善，也(ye)最(zui)可靠最(zui)管用(yong)。我們(men)黨深(shen)化對民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展模式(shi)的(de)(de)認(ren)識，深(shen)刻認(ren)識到民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)、具體(ti)的(de)(de)、發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)，更加堅定(ding)走符合國(guo)(guo)情的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展之路(lu)的(de)(de)信心和(he)決心，也(ye)倡導和(he)支持(chi)(chi)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選擇本(ben)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展道(dao)路(lu)，共(gong)同推(tui)動人(ren)(ren)(ren)類民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)事業不斷進(jin)步。
深化(hua)對民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)質屬(shu)性(xing)的(de)認識(shi)。之所以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)的(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)質屬(shu)性(xing)，根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)于它彰顯人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)價(jia)值原則并(bing)以(yi)(yi)完(wan)善制度(du)(du)和(he)(he)豐(feng)富(fu)實踐(jian)(jian)保障(zhang)(zhang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)落到實處。從價(jia)值理(li)念上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)，全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堅持人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)地位(wei)，保障(zhang)(zhang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，推動人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)過(guo)(guo)上(shang)(shang)更加(jia)美(mei)好的(de)生活(huo)。從運(yun)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)，全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)貫(guan)通(tong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選舉、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)協(xie)商、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決策、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管理(li)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)監督(du)各(ge)個環節(jie)的(de)全(quan)鏈條民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，是(shi)(shi)貫(guan)通(tong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)政(zheng)治(zhi)生活(huo)和(he)(he)社會(hui)生活(huo)各(ge)層面(mian)各(ge)維(wei)度(du)(du)的(de)全(quan)方位(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，是(shi)(shi)貫(guan)通(tong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)各(ge)項事(shi)業各(ge)項工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)全(quan)覆蓋民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。從制度(du)(du)安(an)排上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)，我們黨堅持完(wan)善我國(guo)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)政(zheng)治(zhi)制度(du)(du)、基本(ben)(ben)(ben)政(zheng)治(zhi)制度(du)(du)、重要政(zheng)治(zhi)制度(du)(du)，豐(feng)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi)，拓寬民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)渠道，注重以(yi)(yi)完(wan)善的(de)制度(du)(du)體(ti)系保障(zhang)(zhang)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有效運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。在(zai)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價(jia)值指(zhi)引民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實踐(jian)(jian)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制度(du)(du)建設(she)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實踐(jian)(jian)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制度(du)(du)建設(she)促使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價(jia)值落實落地，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制度(du)(du)對民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價(jia)值和(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實踐(jian)(jian)予以(yi)(yi)支撐(cheng)和(he)(he)保障(zhang)(zhang)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價(jia)值、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實踐(jian)(jian)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制度(du)(du)實現有機統一。全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)真正體(ti)現、切實保障(zhang)(zhang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，使我們對社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)質屬(shu)性(xing)的(de)認識(shi)更加(jia)全(quan)面(mian)和(he)(he)深入(ru)。
深化(hua)(hua)對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)功能(neng)(neng)作用的(de)認識(shi)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作為(wei)政治(zhi)上(shang)層建(jian)(jian)筑，建(jian)(jian)立(li)在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，并對(dui)經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展產生影響(xiang)。新(xin)時代黨和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家事業取(qu)得的(de)歷史性(xing)成就，為(wei)我們(men)發(fa)展全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)基(ji)礎(chu)和(he)(he)(he)前提(ti)；同時，完成新(xin)征程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)更加艱巨繁(fan)重的(de)改革(ge)發(fa)展穩定(ding)任務，也要(yao)求我們(men)通過發(fa)展全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)更充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)積極性(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)創造(zao)性(xing)。發(fa)展全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有效推動(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)(zhong)有序參與政治(zhi)生活，表達自身利(li)益需求和(he)(he)(he)權(quan)利(li)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張；能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)廣泛匯集各(ge)方(fang)面(mian)信息(xi)，推動(dong)(dong)實現科學決策；能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)助推社(she)會(hui)治(zhi)理(li)創新(xin)，形成共(gong)建(jian)(jian)共(gong)治(zhi)共(gong)享的(de)社(she)會(hui)治(zhi)理(li)格局；能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有效制約和(he)(he)(he)監督權(quan)力(li)，讓(rang)權(quan)力(li)在(zai)(zai)陽光下運行；能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)通過持續(xu)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)參與，培育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)升(sheng)全社(she)會(hui)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)素養，等等。新(xin)時代以(yi)來，我們(men)黨不(bu)斷深化(hua)(hua)對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)功能(neng)(neng)作用的(de)認識(shi)，發(fa)揮(hui)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)釋放經(jing)(jing)濟活力(li)、推動(dong)(dong)政治(zhi)進(jin)步、促進(jin)文化(hua)(hua)繁(fan)榮(rong)、增進(jin)社(she)會(hui)和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)、提(ti)升(sheng)治(zhi)理(li)效能(neng)(neng)等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)重要(yao)作用，使全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)凝聚(ju)共(gong)識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)力(li)量上(shang)彰顯更大功用，為(wei)強(qiang)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設、民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)復(fu)興提(ti)供動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)保障。
加強對全過程人民民主的研究闡釋
習(xi)近(jin)平總書(shu)記2019年(nian)11月(yue)在上海市長寧區(qu)虹橋街道(dao)古北市民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)中(zhong)心考察時指出(chu)：“人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)是(shi)一種全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)”。4年(nian)多來，學(xue)術理論界(jie)圍(wei)繞全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了多角度、多層次的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。比如，從(cong)具(ju)體實(shi)際出(chu)發，結合(he)立法聯系(xi)點(dian)建(jian)(jian)設、基層協(xie)商、社區(qu)治(zhi)理等(deng)，對(dui)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)實(shi)踐運行(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)；從(cong)黨的(de)歷史探(tan)索出(chu)發，結合(he)中(zhong)國(guo)蘇維(wei)埃政權、“三三制”政權等(deng)，對(dui)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)發展歷程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)；從(cong)話語(yu)建(jian)(jian)構出(chu)發，結合(he)講好(hao)中(zhong)國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)故事等(deng)，對(dui)提升全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)國(guo)際影(ying)響力進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)；從(cong)比較(jiao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)出(chu)發，對(dui)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)世(shi)界(jie)意義進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，等(deng)等(deng)。對(dui)于全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)對(dui)人類政治(zhi)文明(ming)形態的(de)豐富發展，還需要進(jin)一步加強研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)闡釋，為其更好(hao)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)發展提供理論支撐。
把握(wo)好民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原則(ze)與民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)。民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原則(ze)規定(ding)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)發(fa)展方(fang)向(xiang)。民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要運(yun)轉(zhuan)起(qi)來(lai)，真正實現(xian)其目標，必(bi)須(xu)從原則(ze)走向(xiang)制(zhi)度(du)建構。要進一步加強全過程人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)體系研究，既關注國家層面的(de)宏觀制(zhi)度(du)設(she)計，也關注社(she)會、基層等各(ge)方(fang)面制(zhi)度(du)設(she)計以(yi)及民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)各(ge)環節的(de)程序(xu)設(she)計，將(jiang)全過程人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)體系保障人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)當家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)道理和學理講清楚(chu)、講明白，把各(ge)層面制(zhi)度(du)有機銜(xian)接、相互貫(guan)通的(de)機理更充(chong)分揭示出來(lai)。
把(ba)握好民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)新與(yu)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)經驗。我國的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)新實(shi)(shi)踐十(shi)分(fen)豐富，為民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)理(li)論研究提供了鮮(xian)活現實(shi)(shi)資源(yuan)。要不斷(duan)總結各方面、各層次(ci)、各領域(yu)的(de)(de)創(chuang)新實(shi)(shi)踐，提煉(lian)和抽象具有一般性的(de)(de)理(li)念、觀點等(deng)，從理(li)論層面更好揭示(shi)全過程人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)特(te)點和優勢，讓中國人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)自(zi)信更加(jia)堅定，更加(jia)自(zi)覺地(di)參(can)與(yu)到全過程人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)建設中。
把握(wo)好民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)特(te)色與(yu)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)貢獻。在(zai)對民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)把握(wo)上，既存在(zai)共性(xing)(xing)認知，也存在(zai)差異性(xing)(xing)認知。我們不僅要(yao)研究全(quan)過程人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色和優越性(xing)(xing)，還(huan)要(yao)研究其如何(he)體現(xian)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)一般特(te)性(xing)(xing)；不僅要(yao)研究全(quan)過程人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)如何(he)解決中(zhong)國(guo)問題，也要(yao)闡釋清楚其在(zai)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價值、民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)模式、民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)績效等方(fang)面對人(ren)類政治文明作出的(de)(de)(de)貢獻，從而為弘(hong)揚民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)這(zhe)一全(quan)人(ren)類共同價值提供中(zhong)國(guo)智慧。
（作者系中(zhong)國人(ren)民大學中(zhong)共(gong)黨(dang)史黨(dang)建學院教(jiao)授）
《人(ren)民日報(bao)》（2024年01月15日09版）
