不斷深化對全過(guo)程人(ren)民民主的(de)認識(shi)
習近平(ping)總(zong)書記在黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十大報告中指出：“全過程人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)是(shi)社會主(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)主(zhu)政治的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質屬性，是(shi)最廣泛(fan)、最真(zhen)實、最管(guan)用的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)。”全過程人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)不是(shi)無源之水、無本(ben)之木，而是(shi)我們黨(dang)團結帶領(ling)人(ren)民(min)(min)追(zhui)求民(min)(min)主(zhu)、發展民(min)(min)主(zhu)、實現民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)大創造(zao)，是(shi)不斷深化(hua)對民(min)(min)主(zhu)政治發展規律認識、推進(jin)民(min)(min)主(zhu)政治實踐創新取得的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大成(cheng)果(guo)。我們要加強對全過程人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)研究闡釋，充分揭示其理論價值、實踐價值、世(shi)界價值，推動全過程人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)彰顯(xian)更旺盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)生命力(li)。
有根有源有傳承
習(xi)近平總書記指出：“各國(guo)國(guo)情不(bu)同(tong)，每個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)政治(zhi)制(zhi)度都(dou)是獨(du)特的(de)(de)，都(dou)是由(you)這(zhe)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)決(jue)定的(de)(de)，都(dou)是在這(zhe)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)歷(li)史(shi)傳承、文化(hua)(hua)傳統、經(jing)濟社會發展(zhan)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上長期發展(zhan)、漸進改(gai)進、內生(sheng)性演化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)結(jie)果。”全過(guo)程人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)以馬克思(si)主(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)主(zhu)理論為思(si)想來源(yuan)，形成發展(zhan)于黨帶領人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)爭(zheng)取(qu)民(min)(min)族獨(du)立、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)解放和實現國(guo)家(jia)富強、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)幸福的(de)(de)壯(zhuang)闊(kuo)歷(li)程，注重從中(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳統文化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)汲(ji)取(qu)智慧(hui)和養分(fen)，有(you)根有(you)源(yuan)有(you)傳承，是我們黨不(bu)斷(duan)推進民(min)(min)主(zhu)理論創新、制(zhi)度創新、實踐創新的(de)(de)經(jing)驗結(jie)晶(jing)。
民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的(de)(de)重要(yao)政治(zhi)理念(nian)。理解馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觀念(nian)，既要(yao)從(cong)馬克(ke)(ke)思(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)關于(yu)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般價值(zhi)和(he)理論的(de)(de)思(si)(si)考(kao)中(zhong)認識，也要(yao)從(cong)其(qi)對(dui)于(yu)未(wei)來理想社會(hui)新型民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治(zhi)的(de)(de)構(gou)想中(zhong)去把(ba)握。《共產黨宣(xuan)言》提(ti)出：“代替那存(cun)在著(zhu)階(jie)(jie)級和(he)階(jie)(jie)級對(dui)立(li)的(de)(de)資產階(jie)(jie)級舊社會(hui)的(de)(de)，將是這樣一個聯合體，在那里，每(mei)個人的(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)發展是一切人的(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)發展的(de)(de)條件。”無產階(jie)(jie)級民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治(zhi)為消滅剝削和(he)壓迫、實現人民(min)(min)當家(jia)作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)供現實政治(zhi)社會(hui)條件，為人的(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)而全面的(de)(de)發展提(ti)供政治(zhi)保障和(he)支持。
中國(guo)共(gong)產黨自(zi)成立(li)之日起就高(gao)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)旗幟(zhi)，致力于(yu)建(jian)設(she)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)新社會(hui)。1945年，毛澤東同志在(zai)(zai)《論聯合政府》的(de)(de)報告中明確提出：“人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，只有人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，才是創造世(shi)界歷(li)史的(de)(de)動力。”我們黨始終(zhong)堅持人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)至上，把(ba)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)推動民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進步的(de)(de)真(zhen)正動力，動員廣(guang)(guang)大人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)群眾參與(yu)到革(ge)命斗(dou)爭中。土地(di)革(ge)命時期，黨在(zai)(zai)中央蘇區建(jian)立(li)了(le)中華蘇維(wei)埃(ai)共(gong)和國(guo)，開始了(le)區域性政權民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)探索。抗(kang)日戰爭時期，抗(kang)日根據(ju)地(di)實(shi)行“三三制(zhi)”，建(jian)立(li)抗(kang)日民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政權，以參議(yi)會(hui)為(wei)最高(gao)權力機關(guan)，建(jian)立(li)各級立(li)法(fa)、行政、司法(fa)機關(guan)。《陜甘寧邊區各級參議(yi)會(hui)選舉(ju)條(tiao)例》的(de)(de)公布、“豆選法(fa)”等選舉(ju)形(xing)式的(de)(de)創造，保(bao)障了(le)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)真(zhen)實(shi)性和廣(guang)(guang)泛性。新中國(guo)成立(li)后，黨領導人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)建(jian)立(li)和鞏固(gu)國(guo)家(jia)政權，人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)政治架(jia)構、經濟基(ji)礎、法(fa)律原則、制(zhi)度框(kuang)架(jia)基(ji)本確立(li)并不斷發展(zhan)，中國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)通過艱苦奮斗(dou)取得(de)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治權利(li)以制(zhi)度的(de)(de)形(xing)式鞏固(gu)下來。
社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義愈發展(zhan)，民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也愈發展(zhan)。改革開放后，鄧小(xiao)平(ping)(ping)同志強調：“沒(mei)有民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)就沒(mei)有社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義，就沒(mei)有社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義的(de)現(xian)代化(hua)”“我們(men)進(jin)行社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義現(xian)代化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設，是要在經濟上趕上發達的(de)資本(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義國家，在政治(zhi)(zhi)上創造比資本(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義國家的(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)更高更切(qie)實(shi)的(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。我們(men)黨(dang)領導人(ren)(ren)民堅定不移推進(jin)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設，民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)、公(gong)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)觀(guan)念(nian)深入人(ren)(ren)心，選舉民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、協商民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、基層民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)有序推進(jin)，依法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)國順(shun)利展(zhan)開，服務型政府、法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)政府建(jian)(jian)設逐漸深入……民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發展(zhan)的(de)政治(zhi)(zhi)制度保障和社(she)會物質基礎更加堅實(shi)。
新(xin)時代以來，以習(xi)近平同志為(wei)核(he)心的黨中(zhong)央立足新(xin)的歷(li)史方位，在推進社會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義現(xian)代化建設的過程中(zhong)，提出全過程人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重大理念(nian)，健全人民(min)(min)當家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)，拓展民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)渠道、豐富民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi)，推動全過程人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)取得(de)歷(li)史性成(cheng)就，成(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)時代我(wo)國民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治(zhi)領域具有(you)重大創(chuang)新(xin)意義的標志性成(cheng)果。
體現我們黨對民主政治發展規律的科學把握
習(xi)近平總書記強調(diao)：“如何把(ba)民主價(jia)(jia)值和(he)(he)理念轉化(hua)為科(ke)學(xue)有(you)(you)效的(de)制度(du)安排，轉化(hua)為具體現實(shi)的(de)民主實(shi)踐(jian)，需要注重歷(li)史和(he)(he)現實(shi)、理論和(he)(he)實(shi)踐(jian)、形式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)內容有(you)(you)機統一(yi)，找到(dao)正確(que)的(de)體制機制和(he)(he)方式(shi)(shi)方法。”全過(guo)程人民民主把(ba)民主價(jia)(jia)值和(he)(he)理念轉化(hua)為科(ke)學(xue)有(you)(you)效制度(du)安排和(he)(he)具體現實(shi)的(de)民主實(shi)踐(jian)，體現了我們黨對民主政治發展規律的(de)科(ke)學(xue)把(ba)握。
深(shen)化(hua)對民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)全人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同價值，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)哪個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，不(bu)照搬照抄別國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)模式，而(er)是(shi)(shi)堅持按照中國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)來設計和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)；不(bu)脫(tuo)離發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和治理(li)空談民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)讓民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)為人們(men)追求美好生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)和保障，成(cheng)為社(she)會(hui)進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)器。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全過程人民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)并取得(de)巨大(da)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)實充分表明，只(zhi)有扎根于本(ben)國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷史文化(hua)傳統、依托于本(ben)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐探索和智慧(hui)創造，才能走出適(shi)合(he)(he)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道路(lu)；只(zhi)有適(shi)合(he)(he)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，才能不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)完善，也最(zui)可靠最(zui)管用(yong)。我(wo)們(men)黨深(shen)化(hua)對民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)模式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)，深(shen)刻認識(shi)到民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，更加堅定(ding)走符合(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)心和決心，也倡導和支持各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選擇本(ben)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道路(lu)，共同推(tui)(tui)動人類民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)事(shi)業(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)進(jin)步。
深化對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)本質(zhi)屬(shu)性的(de)(de)認識(shi)。之(zhi)所以(yi)說全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)本質(zhi)屬(shu)性，根本在于它(ta)彰顯人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)價值原則并(bing)以(yi)完(wan)善制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)豐富(fu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐保障(zhang)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)落(luo)到實(shi)(shi)(shi)處。從價值理念上(shang)說，全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堅持人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)地位，保障(zhang)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，推(tui)動人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)過(guo)上(shang)更(geng)加美好(hao)的(de)(de)生活。從運(yun)行程序上(shang)說，全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)貫通民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選舉、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)協(xie)商(shang)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決策(ce)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管理、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)監督各(ge)(ge)個環節的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鏈條民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，是(shi)貫通國家政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)生活和(he)社(she)會生活各(ge)(ge)層面各(ge)(ge)維度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，是(shi)貫通國家各(ge)(ge)項事業各(ge)(ge)項工作的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆蓋民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。從制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)安排上(shang)說，我們黨(dang)堅持完(wan)善我國根本政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、基本政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、重(zhong)要政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，豐富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式，拓(tuo)寬民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)渠道，注(zhu)重(zhong)以(yi)完(wan)善的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)體(ti)系(xi)保障(zhang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)效運(yun)行。在全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價值指引民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐運(yun)行和(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)建設，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐運(yun)行和(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)建設促使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價值落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)地，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價值和(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐予以(yi)支撐和(he)保障(zhang)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)價值、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)有(you)機(ji)統(tong)一。全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)真正體(ti)現(xian)、切實(shi)(shi)(shi)保障(zhang)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，使我們對(dui)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)本質(zhi)屬(shu)性的(de)(de)認識(shi)更(geng)加全(quan)(quan)(quan)面和(he)深入。
深(shen)(shen)化(hua)對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong)的(de)認(ren)識(shi)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)主作為政治(zhi)上(shang)層建筑，建立在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)經濟(ji)基礎上(shang)，并(bing)對(dui)經濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)展產生影響。新(xin)時(shi)代黨和(he)(he)國家事業取得的(de)歷史性成就(jiu)，為我們(men)發(fa)展全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主奠(dian)定(ding)了基礎和(he)(he)前提(ti)；同時(shi)，完成新(xin)征程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)更(geng)(geng)加艱巨繁重的(de)改革發(fa)展穩定(ding)任(ren)務，也要(yao)(yao)求我們(men)通過(guo)發(fa)展全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主更(geng)(geng)充分發(fa)揮人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)群(qun)眾的(de)積極性主動(dong)性創造性。發(fa)展全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有效(xiao)推動(dong)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)群(qun)眾有序參(can)與政治(zhi)生活，表達自身利(li)益需求和(he)(he)權(quan)利(li)主張；能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)廣泛匯集各方面信息(xi)，推動(dong)實(shi)現(xian)科學決策；能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)助(zhu)推社(she)會治(zhi)理創新(xin)，形成共(gong)建共(gong)治(zhi)共(gong)享的(de)社(she)會治(zhi)理格(ge)局(ju)；能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有效(xiao)制約和(he)(he)監(jian)督權(quan)力(li)，讓權(quan)力(li)在(zai)陽(yang)光下運行；能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)通過(guo)持續的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主參(can)與，培(pei)育和(he)(he)提(ti)升(sheng)全(quan)社(she)會的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主素養(yang)，等等。新(xin)時(shi)代以來，我們(men)黨不斷(duan)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong)的(de)認(ren)識(shi)，發(fa)揮全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主在(zai)釋放經濟(ji)活力(li)、推動(dong)政治(zhi)進步、促進文化(hua)繁榮、增進社(she)會和(he)(he)諧、提(ti)升(sheng)治(zhi)理效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等方面的(de)重要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)，使全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主在(zai)凝聚(ju)共(gong)識(shi)和(he)(he)力(li)量上(shang)彰顯更(geng)(geng)大功(gong)用(yong)，為強國建設、民(min)(min)(min)(min)族復興提(ti)供動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)保障。
加強對全過程人民民主的研究闡釋
習(xi)近平總(zong)書記2019年11月在上海市長寧區虹橋街(jie)道(dao)古北市民(min)(min)(min)(min)中心考察(cha)時指出：“人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)是(shi)一種(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)”。4年多來，學術理(li)論界(jie)圍(wei)繞全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了多角度、多層次(ci)的(de)(de)研(yan)究。比(bi)如(ru)，從(cong)具體實際出發(fa)，結(jie)合立法(fa)聯(lian)系點建設、基層協商、社區治(zhi)理(li)等(deng)，對全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)實踐運行(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)究；從(cong)黨的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史探索出發(fa)，結(jie)合中國(guo)蘇(su)維埃政權(quan)、“三(san)三(san)制”政權(quan)等(deng)，對全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)歷(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)究；從(cong)話語建構出發(fa)，結(jie)合講好中國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)故事(shi)等(deng)，對提升全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)國(guo)際影響力進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)究；從(cong)比(bi)較研(yan)究出發(fa)，對全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)世(shi)界(jie)意義(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)究，等(deng)等(deng)。對于全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)對人(ren)(ren)類政治(zhi)文明(ming)形(xing)態的(de)(de)豐富(fu)發(fa)展(zhan)，還需(xu)要進(jin)一步加強研(yan)究闡釋，為其更(geng)好運行(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)展(zhan)提供(gong)理(li)論支撐。
把握好民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原則與民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原則規定了民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)發展方向。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要運轉(zhuan)起(qi)來，真正實現(xian)其目標，必須從原則走向制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)建構。要進一步(bu)加強全過程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)體系研究，既關(guan)注(zhu)國家層(ceng)面的(de)宏觀制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)設計，也(ye)關(guan)注(zhu)社會、基層(ceng)等(deng)各方面制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)設計以及民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)各環節的(de)程序設計，將全過程人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)體系保障人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當家作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)道理和學理講清楚(chu)、講明白，把各層(ceng)面制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)有機(ji)銜接(jie)、相(xiang)互(hu)貫通的(de)機(ji)理更充分(fen)揭示出來。
把(ba)握好民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)與民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)經驗。我國(guo)的民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)實(shi)踐(jian)十分豐富，為(wei)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)理(li)論(lun)研究(jiu)提供了鮮活現實(shi)資源。要不斷總結各(ge)方面(mian)、各(ge)層次、各(ge)領域的創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)實(shi)踐(jian)，提煉和抽象具有一般性的理(li)念、觀(guan)點(dian)等(deng)，從理(li)論(lun)層面(mian)更好揭示全過(guo)程(cheng)人民(min)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的特點(dian)和優勢，讓(rang)中國(guo)人民(min)的民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)自信更加(jia)堅定(ding)，更加(jia)自覺地參(can)與到全過(guo)程(cheng)人民(min)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)的建設(she)中。
把握(wo)好民(min)(min)主(zhu)特(te)色(se)與民(min)(min)主(zhu)貢獻。在(zai)(zai)對民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)把握(wo)上，既(ji)存在(zai)(zai)共性認知，也存在(zai)(zai)差(cha)異性認知。我(wo)們不(bu)僅要研究全過程(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)中(zhong)國特(te)色(se)和(he)優越(yue)性，還要研究其(qi)(qi)如何體現民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)一(yi)般特(te)性；不(bu)僅要研究全過程(cheng)人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)如何解決中(zhong)國問題，也要闡釋清(qing)楚其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)主(zhu)價(jia)值、民(min)(min)主(zhu)模式、民(min)(min)主(zhu)績效(xiao)等方面對人(ren)類政治文(wen)明作出的(de)貢獻，從而(er)為(wei)弘揚民(min)(min)主(zhu)這一(yi)全人(ren)類共同價(jia)值提供中(zhong)國智慧。
（作者系(xi)中國人民大學(xue)中共黨史黨建學(xue)院(yuan)教授）
《人民(min)日(ri)報》（2024年01月15日(ri)09版(ban)）
