中共中央南京局與“六二(er)三”和平請愿運動始末(mo)
“六二三”運(yun)動即上海人民(min)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)請(qing)(qing)(qing)愿運(yun)動。1946年6月，“上海人民(min)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體聯合(he)會”和(he)(he)“上海學生爭(zheng)取(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)聯合(he)會”發動群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)（編者(zhe)注：民(min)進(jin)、民(min)建等都(dou)參與(yu)了發起組織上海人民(min)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體聯合(he)會和(he)(he)請(qing)(qing)(qing)愿活(huo)動），推選馬敘倫等11人組成(cheng)“上海人民(min)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)”，23日代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)赴南(nan)京(jing)向當(dang)局請(qing)(qing)(qing)愿，呼吁和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)反(fan)對內(nei)戰(zhan)。上海數萬名群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)為(wei)請(qing)(qing)(qing)愿代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)舉行了歡送儀式(shi)并開(kai)展了“反(fan)內(nei)戰(zhan)、爭(zheng)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)”的(de)游行運(yun)動，當(dang)請(qing)(qing)(qing)愿代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)一行十余人抵達南(nan)京(jing)下關時，卻遭(zao)到(dao)國(guo)民(min)黨(dang)特(te)務毆打，釀成(cheng)了震驚中外的(de)“下關慘案”。這次運(yun)動中，中共(gong)中央南(nan)京(jing)局開(kai)展了全方位(wei)的(de)統(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工作(zuo)，對上海各(ge)界人士(shi)進(jin)行團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)結教育，建立(li)了廣泛的(de)愛國(guo)民(min)主(zhu)統(tong)(tong)一戰(zhan)線，爭(zheng)取(qu)(qu)了國(guo)統(tong)(tong)區最廣大人民(min)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)對中共(gong)的(de)認(ren)同與(yu)支持，這就是“六二三”和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)請(qing)(qing)(qing)愿運(yun)動的(de)概況。
一、領(ling)導(dao)“六(liu)二(er)三”運動的中共組織機構
“六二(er)三(san)”運(yun)(yun)動不是自(zi)發形(xing)成的(de)，中(zhong)(zhong)共在(zai)這次運(yun)(yun)動中(zhong)(zhong)順應民意(yi)并發揮了主導性作用。中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央南(nan)京(jing)局是“六二(er)三(san)”和平請(qing)愿(yuan)運(yun)(yun)動的(de)領導機構(gou)，在(zai)南(nan)京(jing)局指示下(xia)，上海(hai)(hai)工委(wei)和上海(hai)(hai)地方(fang)黨(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)具(ju)體落實相(xiang)(xiang)關組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)工作。從組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)體系(xi)看，南(nan)京(jing)局和上海(hai)(hai)工委(wei)具(ju)有直接隸屬(shu)關系(xi)，而上海(hai)(hai)地方(fang)黨(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)屬(shu)于另(ling)一系(xi)統，但在(zai)這次運(yun)(yun)動中(zhong)(zhong)，上海(hai)(hai)地方(fang)黨(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)接受了南(nan)京(jing)局領導人(ren)周恩來(lai)的(de)指示，與上海(hai)(hai)工委(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)互配合，共同組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)開展請(qing)愿(yuan)運(yun)(yun)動的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關工作。
（一(yi)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)局(ju)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)局(ju)是隨著國(guo)民政府“還都”南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)后，1946年(nian)5月(yue)在南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)起來的(de)秘密代(dai)表(biao)機關(guan)。根據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央指(zhi)示(shi)，其(qi)公(gong)開身份是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)（駐地在南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)梅園新(xin)村），主要延續了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)在重慶時(shi)期的(de)任務(wu)，即與國(guo)民黨的(de)談判(pan)斗爭(zheng)(zheng)。但(dan)是作(zuo)為秘密機構(gou)(gou)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)局(ju)，其(qi)主要任務(wu)是“統一(yi)領導談判(pan)斗爭(zheng)(zheng)、統戰(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)和秘密黨的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)”。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)局(ju)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)有密切聯系，作(zuo)為總(zong)部的(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)局(ju)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)實(shi)際上(shang)是一(yi)套機構(gou)(gou)，但(dan)在工(gong)作(zuo)范圍以及(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)架構(gou)(gou)上(shang)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)局(ju)遠超過中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)，后者實(shi)際上(shang)從屬于(yu)前者。從南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)局(ju)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)至1947年(nian)3月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)成(cheng)員被迫撤(che)離(li)返回延安，雖然(ran)存在時(shi)間(jian)只有10個月(yue)，但(dan)是在解放戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)時(shi)期對于(yu)凝聚國(guo)際國(guo)內(nei)人(ren)心、促進(jin)第(di)二條戰(zhan)線形成(cheng)并最終取得(de)解放戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)勝利，作(zuo)出了卓越貢獻(xian)。
作為秘密(mi)機構(gou)的(de)(de)南(nan)京局擁有龐大的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)。一(yi)方面(mian)，中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央南(nan)京局機關內部(bu)建立了(le)(le)多(duo)個(ge)主(zhu)要面(mian)向(xiang)統戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)機構(gou)。如地下工(gong)(gong)作委(wei)員(yuan)會、群(qun)眾工(gong)(gong)作委(wei)員(yuan)會、財經委(wei)員(yuan)會、黨(dang)(dang)派(pai)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)黨(dang)(dang)派(pai)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和群(qun)眾工(gong)(gong)作委(wei)員(yuan)會，對(dui)民主(zhu)黨(dang)(dang)派(pai)、社(she)會賢達、青年學生開(kai)展(zhan)統一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線工(gong)(gong)作發揮了(le)(le)重要作用。黨(dang)(dang)派(pai)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)由齊(qi)燕銘為組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)長，宋岱（宋黎）為副(fu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)長。群(qun)眾委(wei)員(yuan)會由鄧穎(ying)超具體(ti)負責(ze)，下設(she)的(de)(de)青年組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)先后由劉光(guang)、朱語今(jin)負責(ze)，“南(nan)京局的(de)(de)青年組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)設(she)在上海，但領導(dao)關系屬(shu)南(nan)京局”。南(nan)京局相關機構(gou)的(de)(de)設(she)立，從組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、宣傳(chuan)、經費等(deng)方面(mian)有效(xiao)保障了(le)(le)對(dui)民主(zhu)黨(dang)(dang)派(pai)、社(she)會賢達、工(gong)(gong)人(ren)、青年、婦女等(deng)群(qun)體(ti)開(kai)展(zhan)統戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作。另一(yi)方面(mian)，作為秘密(mi)機關的(de)(de)南(nan)京局，主(zhu)要還管轄上海工(gong)(gong)委(wei)、四川省委(wei)、湖南(nan)省工(gong)(gong)委(wei)、廣東區黨(dang)(dang)委(wei)、港(gang)粵工(gong)(gong)委(wei)、武漢黨(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、平津部(bu)分黨(dang)(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)以及統一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線關系中(zhong)的(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)。
（二）上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)。 在(zai)“六二三”運動(dong)中(zhong)，隸屬于(yu)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)局(ju)的上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)具體領(ling)(ling)導了(le)“六二三”運動(dong)的統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。之(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)設(she)立(li)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)局(ju)分(fen)支機構，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)由于(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)是中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰對象集(ji)中(zhong)地(di)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)當時中(zhong)國最大的都(dou)市(shi)，許多政界要(yao)人(ren)、民主人(ren)士以(yi)(yi)及各界知名(ming)人(ren)士都(dou)匯集(ji)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，或者經常往(wang)來于(yu)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)之(zhi)間(jian)。另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)局(ju)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)設(she)立(li)下(xia)(xia)屬機構，也有助(zhu)于(yu)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)局(ju)在(zai)領(ling)(ling)導統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰、談判(pan)以(yi)(yi)及黨的秘密(mi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時有緩沖(chong)回(hui)旋余地(di)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)局(ju)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的下(xia)(xia)屬機構，對外是中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)團駐滬(hu)辦(ban)事(shi)處(chu)，對內稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)，在(zai)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)局(ju)領(ling)(ling)導下(xia)(xia)開(kai)(kai)展工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。華崗擔任中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)書記，統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)領(ling)(ling)導上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)的統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)(yi)及部分(fen)秘密(mi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)局(ju)領(ling)(ling)導開(kai)(kai)展“六二三”統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期間(jian)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環境艱苦，因(yin)國民黨刻意(yi)阻撓(nao)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)團在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的活動(dong)，沒有劃撥房屋，也不(bu)同意(yi)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)團駐滬(hu)辦(ban)事(shi)處(chu)公開(kai)(kai)掛牌，但上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)的統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)實際已全面(mian)(mian)開(kai)(kai)展。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)設(she)立(li)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)運組、婦女組、青(qing)年組、文(wen)化組、經濟組等，在(zai)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)、青(qing)年、婦女、文(wen)化界以(yi)(yi)及經濟界人(ren)士的統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)發揮了(le)重要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。
上海工委平時開會比(bi)較少，一(yi)般在周恩(en)來到(dao)上海之后臨時召(zhao)集開會。但和南(nan)京(jing)局(ju)總部保(bao)持經常(chang)性聯系，各(ge)(ge)項工作(zuo)有條不紊地開展，提供的有關信息(xi)能夠作(zuo)為(wei)南(nan)京(jing)局(ju)的決策(ce)(ce)參考(kao)。上海工委主要(yao)討(tao)論的議題大多圍繞時局(ju)展開，分析各(ge)(ge)黨(dang)派、各(ge)(ge)團(tuan)體的動態(tai)，針對(dui)各(ge)(ge)黨(dang)派、各(ge)(ge)團(tuan)體以及(ji)上海群眾(zhong)的統戰工作(zuo)，提出應(ying)該采取(qu)的對(dui)策(ce)(ce)。
（三(san)）中(zhong)(zhong)共上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)方組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)對“六(liu)二三(san)”運動實施(shi)的(de)統(tong)戰工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)方黨(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)也是一(yi)支(zhi)重要的(de)力量。該(gai)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)抗戰勝利前后根據中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)示成立(li)(li)的(de)，最初由劉(liu)(liu)長勝擔任書記，張執一(yi)、張承宗等人擔任委(wei)員。1946年2月，中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)派劉(liu)(liu)曉(xiao)回到(dao)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)全(quan)面負責(ze)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)黨(dang)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，劉(liu)(liu)長勝協(xie)助，進一(yi)步開展中(zhong)(zhong)共在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，遵照革命時(shi)期中(zhong)(zhong)共組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)并出于安全(quan)考慮(lv)，上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工委(wei)和上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)方黨(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)之間(jian)一(yi)般不發生橫向聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)，但是在(zai)(zai)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，兩個組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)之間(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)配合、相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)支(zhi)持。這一(yi)點在(zai)(zai)后來(lai)中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)給(gei)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分局的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示中(zhong)(zhong)也可得(de)以(yi)印證。中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)出：“南(nan)京(jing)局對上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分局有意見時(shi)，經過中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)給(gei)以(yi)指(zhi)(zhi)示。”作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為南(nan)京(jing)局主要負責(ze)人的(de)周(zhou)(zhou)恩(en)(en)(en)來(lai)會給(gei)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)方黨(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)以(yi)及黨(dang)的(de)其(qi)他秘密組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)下達指(zhi)(zhi)示，當時(shi)潘漢年和劉(liu)(liu)少文(wen)“有時(shi)在(zai)(zai)夜間(jian)到(dao)馬(ma)思南(nan)路107號(hao)向恩(en)(en)(en)來(lai)同志請(qing)示工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)”，而“劉(liu)(liu)曉(xiao)、劉(liu)(liu)長勝與(yu)潘漢年之間(jian)也建(jian)立(li)(li)有定(ding)期與(yu)不定(ding)期的(de)聯(lian)絡點”。他們成為溝通上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工委(wei)和地(di)(di)方黨(dang)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)之間(jian)的(de)聯(lian)絡人。可以(yi)看出，盡(jin)管組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)立(li)(li)，但是涉及具體工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，周(zhou)(zhou)恩(en)(en)(en)來(lai)會統(tong)籌(chou)指(zhi)(zhi)示，以(yi)實現各系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內(nei)的(de)協(xie)調配合。
關于南(nan)京(jing)局(ju)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)工委(wei)以及上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)地方(fang)黨(dang)組織在(zai)“六(liu)二三(san)”和平請(qing)愿(yuan)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)關系問(wen)題，時任(ren)南(nan)京(jing)局(ju)辦公廳秘書處處長的(de)童(tong)小鵬曾(ceng)明確(que)指出：“六(liu)二三(san)和平請(qing)愿(yuan)運動(dong)(dong)就是上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)工委(wei)和上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)地下黨(dang)根據南(nan)京(jing)局(ju)的(de)指示聯合發動(dong)(dong)的(de)。”
二(er)(er)、中共中央南京局(ju)在“六(liu)二(er)(er)三(san)”運動中的統戰工作
中(zhong)共中(zhong)央南京局(ju)的統戰(zhan)(zhan)工作貫(guan)穿(chuan)于(yu)“六二三”運動(dong)(dong)的全過程。首先通過統戰(zhan)(zhan)工作促成(cheng)(cheng)建立學生與(yu)群眾團體(ti)，為推選代(dai)表(biao)團成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)提供了(le)組織準備。在醞釀請愿運動(dong)(dong)過程中(zhong)，南京局(ju)對代(dai)表(biao)團成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)以及社會民眾開展(zhan)統戰(zhan)(zhan)，堅定(ding)了(le)代(dai)表(biao)團成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)的請愿決心，進一步激發了(le)群眾呼(hu)吁和平的訴求。在請愿運動(dong)(dong)開始后，南京局(ju)始終(zhong)與(yu)代(dai)表(biao)團、人民群眾站在一起(qi)，從民主(zhu)、道義、情感等(deng)層面堅定(ding)支(zhi)持請愿并關心受(shou)傷代(dai)表(biao)，擴大了(le)人民民主(zhu)統一戰(zhan)(zhan)線。
（一(yi)）以統戰(zhan)(zhan)工作促成(cheng)建(jian)立學(xue)生(sheng)和(he)(he)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)。 組(zu)(zu)建(jian)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)和(he)(he)平(ping)請(qing)(qing)愿代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“六二(er)三”運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)環節，學(xue)界一(yi)般認為(wei)，請(qing)(qing)愿代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)”推(tui)選(xuan)(xuan)出來的(de)(de)。事實(shi)上(shang)，該(gai)說法不(bu)太準確(que)，選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)出的(de)(de)代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)成(cheng)員(yuan)共(gong)11人(ren)，“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)”推(tui)選(xuan)(xuan)出來的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)9位，而2名學(xue)生(sheng)代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)則(ze)從“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)學(xue)生(sheng)爭取(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)平(ping)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)”中推(tui)選(xuan)(xuan)產生(sheng)。（編者注：上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)選(xuan)(xuan)出的(de)(de)9人(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正式(shi)代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)）劉曉在回(hui)憶中指出，“通(tong)過上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)和(he)(he)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)學(xue)生(sheng)爭取(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)平(ping)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)選(xuan)(xuan)代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)‘上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)和(he)(he)平(ping)請(qing)(qing)愿團(tuan)(tuan)’赴南(nan)京請(qing)(qing)愿”。因此(ci)，代表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)應是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)學(xue)生(sheng)爭取(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)平(ping)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)”和(he)(he)“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會(hui)”發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)選(xuan)(xuan)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)。該(gai)過程中，南(nan)京局的(de)(de)作用主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)現在兩方面，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)基于中共(gong)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)市委做(zuo)的(de)(de)前期工作，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)兩個組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)建(jian)立，二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)堅(jian)持“和(he)(he)平(ping)、民(min)(min)主(zhu)、團(tuan)(tuan)結”的(de)(de)理(li)念，實(shi)現了(le)(le)對社會(hui)各階層、各黨(dang)派的(de)(de)統戰(zhan)(zhan)，為(wei)最終促成(cheng)“六二(er)三”和(he)(he)平(ping)請(qing)(qing)愿運(yun)動(dong)(dong)奠定了(le)(le)良好的(de)(de)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)基礎(chu)。
第一，建立“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)爭取和(he)平聯(lian)(lian)合會”。“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)爭取和(he)平聯(lian)(lian)合會”是在(zai)相(xiang)關學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)團(tuan)體(ti)基礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)逐步(bu)建立起(qi)來(lai)的。在(zai)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)領導下，1946年1月下旬，由約大、之(zhi)江、東吳、滬江等大學(xue)(xue)(xue)以及省(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)、建承(cheng)、儲能(neng)等20余所中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)組(zu)織(zhi)發起(qi)，成立了以開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)運動為主要內容(rong)的“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)市學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)聯(lian)(lian)合會”（簡稱“助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)聯(lian)(lian)”），不久(jiu)，近(jin)百所學(xue)(xue)(xue)校參加了“助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)聯(lian)(lian)”。在(zai)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)委領導下，這些學(xue)(xue)(xue)校的中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)支部對學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、群(qun)眾開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)統(tong)一戰線(xian)，例如為困(kun)難學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)組(zu)織(zhi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)義賣(mai)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動團(tuan)結同學(xue)(xue)(xue)。中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)委依托(tuo)“助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)聯(lian)(lian)”，召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)了上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)市近(jin)百所大中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)團(tuan)體(ti)代表(biao)聯(lian)(lian)席會議，成立了“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)團(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)(lian)合會”（簡稱“學(xue)(xue)(xue)團(tuan)聯(lian)(lian)”）。“學(xue)(xue)(xue)團(tuan)聯(lian)(lian)”成立后，各(ge)校中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)黨支部以組(zu)織(zhi)群(qun)眾活(huo)動為依托(tuo)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)統(tong)戰工作，使“學(xue)(xue)(xue)團(tuan)聯(lian)(lian)”獲得廣泛的社會基礎。
中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)南(nan)京局(ju)(ju)建立(li)后，對推動成(cheng)立(li)“上海(hai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)爭取和(he)平聯(lian)合會(hui)”起(qi)了重要作用(yong)。作為(wei)南(nan)京局(ju)(ju)分支機構的(de)上海(hai)工委多(duo)次聯(lian)系地方黨(dang)組織，要求上海(hai)方面要全力動員群眾(zhong)，在(zai)各黨(dang)各派(pai)、愛國(guo)民主人士、青(qing)年學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)群體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)一步建立(li)廣泛的(de)統一戰(zhan)(zhan)線。此前，周恩(en)來已指派(pai)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)青(qing)委負(fu)責人馮(feng)文彬(bin)秘(mi)密對上海(hai)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)運動進(jin)行考察，馮(feng)的(de)到來，使中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)對學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)統戰(zhan)(zhan)工作開始(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)轉變，即開始(shi)“把經濟(ji)斗爭提(ti)高到政治斗爭，把尊師慶功同宣(xuan)傳反(fan)對內(nei)戰(zhan)(zhan)結合起(qi)來”，廣泛爭取青(qing)年學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)。由(you)此，學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)團體(ti)進(jin)入“學(xue)(xue)(xue)團聯(lian)”部署的(de)和(he)平請愿(yuan)準備工作階段。在(zai)南(nan)京局(ju)(ju)的(de)領導下，6月19日正式成(cheng)立(li)了由(you)120多(duo)所學(xue)(xue)(xue)校參加的(de)“上海(hai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)爭取和(he)平聯(lian)合會(hui)”，這就(jiu)為(wei)推選(xuan)和(he)平請愿(yuan)代表(biao)(biao)團學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)代表(biao)(biao)完成(cheng)了組織準備。
第(di)二，建立“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)會”。推選(xuan)請愿團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)成員(yuan)的(de)(de)另一(yi)個(ge)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)——“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)會”，是(shi)在南京局領導人(ren)周恩來(lai)(lai)直接指揮下(xia)建立起(qi)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)。南京局認為，如能(neng)將社會各(ge)界知名(ming)人(ren)士(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)為重(zhong)點，把廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)社會力量團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)結與(yu)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，則(ze)有(you)可能(neng)對蔣政府(fu)掀起(qi)民(min)(min)(min)主運動巨潮。因此，“在周恩來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)直接指揮、參與(yu)下(xia)，黨對文化界、工(gong)商界等(deng)各(ge)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)上(shang)層愛國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)主人(ren)士(shi)進行廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)統戰(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)”。南京局派羅叔(shu)章(zhang)(zhang)到上(shang)海(hai)(hai)協(xie)助地方(fang)黨組(zu)織工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，在潘漢年、張執一(yi)介(jie)紹(shao)下(xia)，羅叔(shu)章(zhang)(zhang)協(xie)助上(shang)海(hai)(hai)地方(fang)黨組(zu)織主要(yao)負(fu)責人(ren)劉曉(xiao)開展統戰(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。劉曉(xiao)當時公(gong)開身(shen)份為上(shang)海(hai)(hai)關勒銘金(jin)筆(bi)廠董事(shi)(shi)（編者注(zhu)：此廠由中共(gong)地下(xia)黨出資接手(shou)，民(min)(min)(min)進常務(wu)理(li)事(shi)(shi)陳(chen)巳生(sheng)任董事(shi)(shi)長和(he)總(zong)經理(li)，掩護了劉曉(xiao)等(deng)地下(xia)黨員(yuan)），利用該(gai)身(shen)份，他(ta)在各(ge)社會階層中揭露(lu)國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)黨內(nei)戰(zhan)、賣國(guo)與(yu)獨(du)裁政策。最終(zhong)在中共(gong)推動下(xia)，在中國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)主促進會發起(qi)下(xia)，聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)各(ge)黨派及民(min)(min)(min)主人(ren)士(shi)、工(gong)會、學生(sheng)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)、婦(fu)女團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)等(deng)53個(ge)單(dan)位，“上(shang)海(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)會”于1946年5月5日成立。該(gai)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)“成為上(shang)海(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)具有(you)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)群眾性的(de)(de)統一(yi)戰(zhan)線組(zu)織形式”，選(xuan)舉產生(sheng)了馬敘倫、沙(sha)千里、胡(hu)厥(jue)文等(deng)29位理(li)事(shi)(shi)（編者注(zhu)：人(ren)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)聯(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)29名(ming)理(li)事(shi)(shi)中10人(ren)是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)進會員(yuan)，9名(ming)常務(wu)理(li)事(shi)(shi)中4人(ren)是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)進會員(yuan)）。
總之，在“六(liu)二三”運動(dong)之前，南京局和(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)的中(zhong)共組織相互配合(he)(he)，在學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)中(zhong)建立(li)的“上(shang)(shang)海(hai)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)爭取和(he)(he)平聯合(he)(he)會”，大(da)大(da)發展了(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)中(zhong)的統一戰(zhan)線(xian)，實現(xian)了(le)(le)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)、工人(ren)以及社會各階層知(zhi)名(ming)人(ren)士的大(da)聯合(he)(he)，擴大(da)了(le)(le)社會基礎與(yu)政治影響力(li)。“上(shang)(shang)海(hai)人(ren)民(min)團(tuan)體(ti)聯合(he)(he)會”建立(li)后(hou)積(ji)極(ji)開展活動(dong)，發起上(shang)(shang)海(hai)各界(jie)知(zhi)名(ming)人(ren)士聯名(ming)上(shang)(shang)書(shu)蔣介(jie)石、馬歇爾以及中(zhong)共代表團(tuan)，呼吁和(he)(he)平反(fan)對內(nei)戰(zhan)，進一步鞏(gong)固了(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)各界(jie)反(fan)美、反(fan)蔣的廣泛統一戰(zhan)線(xian)。因此，南京局在“六(liu)二三”運動(dong)前夕不僅通過統戰(zhan)工作引(yin)導建立(li)了(le)(le)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)和(he)(he)群(qun)(qun)眾組織團(tuan)體(ti)，還(huan)通過統戰(zhan)工作奠定了(le)(le)群(qun)(qun)眾基礎。
（二）在(zai)醞釀(niang)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)述兩個團(tuan)(tuan)體建(jian)立之后(hou)，醞釀(niang)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)開始(shi)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。赴(fu)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)(xiang)法最初是由南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)(ju)(ju)提出來并討論(lun)實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)。1946年6月初，在(zai)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)(ju)(ju)下屬(shu)機構(gou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)委(wei)會議(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，工(gong)(gong)委(wei)書記華(hua)崗提出關于(yu)推(tui)選上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)赴(fu)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)(xiang)法，經(jing)大家討論(lun)，會議(yi)決定同(tong)意華(hua)崗的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議(yi)，利(li)用當時民眾反對美蔣(jiang)情(qing)緒高漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)契機，由上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民選派代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)赴(fu)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)開展呼吁(yu)和(he)平(ping)、反對內戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)(ju)(ju)提出請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)這一(yi)想(xiang)(xiang)法后(hou)，接著就如何擴大請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)影響(xiang)力以(yi)及(ji)取得(de)實效進行研究。南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)(ju)(ju)認為，在(zai)組(zu)織方式上(shang)(shang)(shang)“單靠(kao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層人(ren)物聲勢不可(ke)能大，只有(you)同(tong)廣大群眾基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)地方黨(dang)(dang)結合(he)(he)起來，才能奏效”。會后(hou)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)委(wei)與(yu)地方黨(dang)(dang)組(zu)織取得(de)聯(lian)系(xi)并轉達(da)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示。上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)地方黨(dang)(dang)組(zu)織得(de)到(dao)指(zhi)示后(hou)，一(yi)方面積極推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)團(tuan)(tuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)舉工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，另一(yi)方面，落實部署廣大群眾在(zai)歡送代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游行示威工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。在(zai)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)團(tuan)(tuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)舉薦工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，他們結合(he)(he)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)(ju)(ju)要(yao)求(qiu)，根據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央“不要(yao)提過(guo)左(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)號和(he)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示”，通過(guo)已經(jing)建(jian)立起的(de)(de)(de)(de)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民團(tuan)(tuan)體聯(lian)合(he)(he)會”和(he)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)學(xue)生(sheng)爭(zheng)取和(he)平(ping)聯(lian)合(he)(he)會”，發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)群眾推(tui)選代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)赴(fu)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，推(tui)選出了(le)11名代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)組(zu)成(cheng)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民和(he)平(ping)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)團(tuan)(tuan)”，分別是：馬敘(xu)倫(lun)、蕢延芳、盛(sheng)丕(pi)華(hua)、胡厥文、包達(da)三、張?伯、閻(yan)寶(bao)航（中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黨(dang)(dang)員）、雷潔(jie)瓊、吳耀宗、陳(chen)震中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、陳(chen)立復，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二陳(chen)是學(xue)生(sheng)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)。馬敘(xu)倫(lun)擔任團(tuan)(tuan)長，胡子嬰為秘(mi)書長，羅叔章為秘(mi)書。請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)團(tuan)(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)人(ren)員都是上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)各界知名人(ren)士，在(zai)社會上(shang)(shang)(shang)具有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)號召力，請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)功(gong)推(tui)選與(yu)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)(ju)(ju)統(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是分不開的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
為(wei)(wei)了(le)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)做(zuo)好請(qing)愿團(tuan)(tuan)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)的思想工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)委和(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)地方黨組織分(fen)頭深入動員(yuan)。周(zhou)(zhou)恩(en)來親自(zi)對(dui)第三(san)方面上(shang)(shang)(shang)層人(ren)(ren)物做(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，他(ta)(ta)和(he)華崗負責聯絡馬敘(xu)倫，對(dui)當前國內形(xing)勢、美(mei)蔣(jiang)真實(shi)意(yi)圖進(jin)行深入交流，使馬敘(xu)倫進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)認(ren)識請(qing)愿的必(bi)要性(xing)和(he)訴求。他(ta)(ta)們(men)還請(qing)馬敘(xu)倫與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)界(jie)(jie)、文化界(jie)(jie)選出的代(dai)(dai)表(biao)進(jin)行商(shang)(shang)談(tan)，堅(jian)定代(dai)(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)成員(yuan)的信心。時(shi)(shi)任南京局地下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)委員(yuan)會書記(ji)的董必(bi)武，6月19日“在上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)邀請(qing)馬敘(xu)倫、林漢(han)達、郭沫若晤(wu)談(tan)，商(shang)(shang)討制止內戰(zhan)(zhan)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)推動愛國民主運(yun)(yun)動問(wen)(wen)題”。時(shi)(shi)任南京局地下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)委員(yuan)會副書記(ji)的李維漢(han)等人(ren)(ren)通過(guo)(guo)參(can)(can)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)界(jie)(jie)定期組織的雙周(zhou)(zhou)聚餐會，與(yu)(yu)(yu)中間(jian)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)座(zuo)談(tan)形(xing)勢，探討關于(yu)反對(dui)內戰(zhan)(zhan)、爭取和(he)平(ping)等民主人(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)密切關心的政治問(wen)(wen)題，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)向他(ta)(ta)們(men)傳(chuan)達中共方針，使中間(jian)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)接受、認(ren)同(tong)中共政策。許(xu)滌新長(chang)期和(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)界(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層人(ren)(ren)物有(you)交往，他(ta)(ta)“則負責同(tong)盛(sheng)丕華、蕢(kui)延(yan)芳(fang)、張?伯(bo)和(he)包達三(san)等人(ren)(ren)商(shang)(shang)談(tan)”。劉(liu)曉(xiao)也參(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)了(le)對(dui)蕢(kui)延(yan)芳(fang)、張?伯(bo)、包達三(san)等人(ren)(ren)的統(tong)戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，且(qie)效果比較明(ming)顯。例如，起初蕢(kui)延(yan)芳(fang)已有(you)些動搖，自(zi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)不夠格(ge)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)去南京，經過(guo)(guo)劉(liu)曉(xiao)再(zai)三(san)做(zuo)思想工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，蕢(kui)延(yan)芳(fang)同(tong)意(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)赴南京請(qing)愿。代(dai)(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)11人(ren)(ren)在中共方面細致的統(tong)戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)下(xia)，最終沒(mei)有(you)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)退(tui)出請(qing)愿運(yun)(yun)動。
組(zu)織好游(you)行示(shi)威(wei)運動(dong)，是(shi)“六二三”運動(dong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)，也是(shi)南(nan)京局統(tong)戰工作的(de)又(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)重要(yao)環(huan)節(jie)。在周恩(en)來(lai)及董(dong)必武的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)下，游(you)行前夕，上(shang)海(hai)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)黨(dang)(dang)組(zu)織開展(zhan)了反(fan)內戰的(de)群眾運動(dong)。學(xue)生(sheng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，劉(liu)曉和張承宗向上(shang)海(hai)學(xue)委張本、吳學(xue)謙(qian)、陳一(yi)(yi)(yi)鳴傳達(da)了周恩(en)來(lai)及中央的(de)精神，“要(yao)求(qiu)在游(you)行中以學(xue)生(sheng)起(qi)帶頭的(de)組(zu)織和公開的(de)指(zhi)揮(hui)作用”。陳一(yi)(yi)(yi)鳴作為“學(xue)團(tuan)聯(lian)”黨(dang)(dang)團(tuan)負責(ze)人，讓“學(xue)團(tuan)聯(lian)”黨(dang)(dang)團(tuan)書(shu)記黃振聲聯(lian)系各界與學(xue)校，組(zu)織學(xue)生(sheng)總糾察與游(you)行隊伍，號召全市學(xue)生(sheng)開展(zhan)反(fan)對(dui)內戰的(de)簽名活動(dong)。群眾方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，劉(liu)長(chang)勝讓工委、教委、職委等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)負責(ze)人發動(dong)群眾歡送代表并參加示(shi)威(wei)游(you)行，廣大工人、婦(fu)女(nv)群體也被廣泛動(dong)員(yuan)起(qi)來(lai)，49家工廠成(cheng)立了滬西工人反(fan)內戰民(min)主(zhu)促進(jin)會(hui)，婦(fu)女(nv)界約3萬人聯(lian)名上(shang)書(shu)蔣介(jie)石，呼吁停戰，這些大規模群眾運動(dong)是(shi)和平(ping)請愿(yuan)運動(dong)的(de)預熱。組(zu)織游(you)行示(shi)威(wei)工作方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，安排游(you)行隊伍總指(zhi)揮(hui)由法商水(shui)電(dian)業(ye)工會(hui)的(de)楊金根、上(shang)海(hai)學(xue)聯(lian)的(de)繆龐、上(shang)海(hai)酒(jiu)菜業(ye)工會(hui)的(de)甘田這3人負責(ze)。由此可見，“召開大會(hui)歡送代表赴南(nan)京請愿(yuan)的(de)‘和平(ping)運動(dong)’，就是(shi)上(shang)海(hai)工委和地下黨(dang)(dang)共同商定，統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)布置(zhi)的(de)”。
可以看出，在醞釀請(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運動的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，南京局主要(yao)對(dui)請(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)及游行隊伍(wu)開展(zhan)了(le)統戰工(gong)作，其(qi)主要(yao)貢獻有兩方(fang)面：第一(yi)(yi)，推(tui)動學生和群(qun)眾組(zu)織推(tui)舉代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)名(ming)單(dan)，通(tong)過深入細(xi)致工(gong)作，穩(wen)定了(le)代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)成員的(de)(de)思想，堅定了(le)他(ta)們赴南京請(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)決(jue)心(xin)；第二，面向社(she)(she)會(hui)廣泛(fan)開展(zhan)統一(yi)(yi)戰線(xian)工(gong)作，進一(yi)(yi)步激發了(le)廣大學生、工(gong)人及其(qi)他(ta)社(she)(she)會(hui)各(ge)界群(qun)眾呼吁(yu)和平的(de)(de)熱情，擴大了(le)歡(huan)送代(dai)表(biao)團(tuan)赴京的(de)(de)游行隊伍(wu)社(she)(she)會(hui)影響力，展(zhan)現了(le)中(zhong)國共產黨與人民一(yi)(yi)道積極爭取和平的(de)(de)心(xin)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。
（三(san)）在(zai)(zai)請愿過程中及(ji)善后開展統戰工作(zuo)。經嚴密部(bu)署(shu)與廣泛動員，6月23日(ri)，聲勢(shi)浩(hao)大(da)的(de)(de)上海人民和(he)(he)平請愿運動正式(shi)展開。在(zai)(zai)南京局集中統一(yi)(yi)指揮下(xia)，“張(zhang)(zhang)執一(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)黨內擔任歡送(song)和(he)(he)平請愿團(tuan)和(he)(he)游行示(shi)(shi)威(wei)的(de)(de)秘(mi)密總(zong)指揮。由張(zhang)(zhang)執一(yi)(yi)、張(zhang)(zhang)承宗同志負(fu)責(ze)具體組織(zhi)工作(zuo)”。并(bing)在(zai)(zai)各界設立了中共的(de)(de)聯絡員以更好(hao)組織(zhi)發(fa)動群(qun)眾開展游行示(shi)(shi)威(wei)。上海地方(fang)黨組織(zhi)方(fang)面的(de)(de)領導人劉曉、劉長勝以及(ji)張(zhang)(zhang)祺、陸志仁、張(zhang)(zhang)本、吳學謙等和(he)(he)中央青委馮(feng)文彬都(dou)抵(di)達現場。
在(zai)中共組織下，5萬(wan)余名群(qun)眾代表(biao)在(zai)北火車站廣場(chang)召開歡(huan)送(song)大會(hui)（編(bian)者(zhe)注：實(shi)際到會(hui)群(qun)眾遠超5萬(wan)人(ren)）。大會(hui)上，王紹(shao)鏊(ao)、陶行知(zhi)、陳(chen)立復、陳(chen)震(zhen)中以(yi)(yi)及(ji)吳晗分別講(jiang)話(hua)（編(bian)者(zhe)注：王紹(shao)鏊(ao)是民(min)進(jin)(jin)常務(wu)理事，民(min)進(jin)(jin)會(hui)員雷潔瓊(qiong)和(he)(he)林漢(han)達(da)(da)也登臺演講(jiang)），“他(ta)們呼吁當局減(jian)少軍(jun)費開支，增加教育經費，并表(biao)示赴京請(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)達(da)(da)反內戰(zhan)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)決不(bu)(bu)罷休(xiu)”，指出“誰敢再打內戰(zhan)，一定被人(ren)民(min)唾(tuo)棄”。歡(huan)送(song)會(hui)通過了四(si)項決議：一是成立全國(guo)(guo)爭(zheng)取和(he)(he)平聯合(he)會(hui)，二是堅(jian)持以(yi)(yi)人(ren)民(min)為力量(liang)后盾，提(ti)出請(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)“只許(xu)成功，不(bu)(bu)許(xu)失敗(bai)”，三是表(biao)達(da)(da)請(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)達(da)(da)目的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)罷休(xiu)的(de)(de)態度，四(si)是通電美國(guo)(guo)政府，希望其不(bu)(bu)要干預中國(guo)(guo)內戰(zhan)以(yi)(yi)助長中國(guo)(guo)內戰(zhan)。在(zai)南(nan)京局的(de)(de)組織策(ce)劃下，歡(huan)送(song)活動(dong)鞏固和(he)(he)團結了反蔣獨(du)裁的(de)(de)愛國(guo)(guo)民(min)主統(tong)一戰(zhan)線(xian)陣營(ying)。
請愿(yuan)代表(biao)團離開上(shang)海(hai)赴(fu)南(nan)京后，歡送隊伍的5萬多群眾高(gao)呼(hu)口號(hao)，進(jin)入(ru)(ru)上(shang)海(hai)市(shi)(shi)內(nei)開展大(da)游行(xing)(xing)，有青年學生、有工人，“浩(hao)浩(hao)蕩(dang)蕩(dang)的列陣，向浙江路(lu)前進(jin)，經南(nan)京東路(lu)折向江西路(lu)市(shi)(shi)府，再由中(zhong)正(zheng)東路(lu)向西至大(da)世界，穿(chuan)林森東路(lu)達復興公園”。沿(yan)途的宣傳隊高(gao)呼(hu)口號(hao)，高(gao)唱反內(nei)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)歌(ge)曲，散發《上(shang)海(hai)市(shi)(shi)歡送為呼(hu)吁和(he)平入(ru)(ru)京代表(biao)宣言(yan)》《上(shang)海(hai)市(shi)(shi)學生團體聯合(he)會為拯救國家危機呼(hu)吁和(he)平宣言(yan)》等，大(da)批群眾紛紛加入(ru)(ru)游行(xing)(xing)隊伍，擴大(da)了反內(nei)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、求和(he)平的統一戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線陣營。
與此同時，請愿團（編(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)注：團長馬(ma)(ma)敘(xu)(xu)倫(lun)、團員(yuan)雷潔(jie)(jie)瓊都(dou)是民(min)(min)進會員(yuan)）向南京進發，當代(dai)表(biao)們抵達下(xia)關火車(che)站時，卻遭到國(guo)民(min)(min)黨特務圍(wei)毆，馬(ma)(ma)敘(xu)(xu)倫(lun)、雷潔(jie)(jie)瓊、陳震中(zhong)(zhong)等被打成重傷(shang)(shang)，民(min)(min)盟(meng)派(pai)(pai)來接站人(ren)員(yuan)葉篤義以(yi)及(ji)《大(da)公報(bao)》記(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)高集、《新民(min)(min)晚(wan)報(bao)》記(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)浦(pu)熙修也被打成重傷(shang)(shang)，該事件即“下(xia)關慘案”。獲悉后(hou)，南京局外事委員(yuan)會王炳南奔赴下(xia)關，看到代(dai)表(biao)團被圍(wei)毆的現場(chang)后(hou)，中(zhong)(zhong)共向國(guo)民(min)(min)黨方面(mian)孫科等人(ren)以(yi)及(ji)美(mei)國(guo)方面(mian)馬(ma)(ma)歇爾呼吁制止暴力(li)后(hou)，“當局才派(pai)(pai)憲兵到出事現場(chang)進行所謂(wei)的‘維(wei)持秩(zhi)序’”，在憲兵“護送”下(xia)傷(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)被送到中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)醫院(yuan)。周(zhou)恩來、董必武、鄧穎超、李維(wei)漢等深夜趕往中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)醫院(yuan)，看望(wang)慰(wei)問被打傷(shang)(shang)的馬(ma)(ma)敘(xu)(xu)倫(lun)、雷潔(jie)(jie)瓊、陳震中(zhong)(zhong)等人(ren)。周(zhou)恩來安慰(wei)馬(ma)(ma)敘(xu)(xu)倫(lun)等人(ren)指出：“你們的血是不會白(bai)流的。”當聽說代(dai)表(biao)團成員(yuan)還未吃飯，周(zhou)恩來又派(pai)(pai)人(ren)為他(ta)們買來牛奶、餅干，細微之處盡(jin)顯中(zhong)(zhong)共對民(min)(min)主人(ren)士關懷，南京局以(yi)真誠情感(gan)促統戰。
6月24日(ri)，周(zhou)恩(en)來就下關(guan)慘案繼續(xu)為請(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)發聲，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)向馬歇爾、徐永(yong)昌、俞大維提出(chu)嚴正抗議并(bing)(bing)(bing)且(qie)要求(qiu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)懲辦禍首。25日(ri)，周(zhou)恩(en)來與(yu)董必(bi)武邀請(qing)(qing)部(bu)分上(shang)海和平(ping)(ping)請(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)的(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，向他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)介紹請(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)運動(dong)(dong)前后(hou)中共與(yu)國民(min)黨方面的(de)(de)談(tan)判(pan)情況，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)中共和廣大群眾訴求(qiu)是一致的(de)(de)。29日(ri)，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)局專門致函(han)請(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)英勇行為進行褒(bao)揚，指出(chu)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)“奔(ben)走(zou)和平(ping)(ping)，蒞(li)京(jing)(jing)請(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)，不顧特務暴徒(tu)之(zhi)威嚇毆(ou)辱，堅持(chi)呼吁和平(ping)(ping)，反對(dui)(dui)(dui)內戰，至誠至勇，曷(he)勝感佩”。在表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)達(da)對(dui)(dui)(dui)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)敬佩同(tong)時，希(xi)望(wang)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)回(hui)到上(shang)海之(zhi)后(hou)，與(yu)上(shang)海人(ren)(ren)民(min)繼續(xu)為和平(ping)(ping)而奮斗(dou)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)寄語(yu)學(xue)生代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)陳震中、陳立(li)復，希(xi)望(wang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)“發揚‘五四’以來中國學(xue)生光榮的(de)(de)傳統(tong)，為和平(ping)(ping)民(min)主而奮斗(dou)到底”。此外，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)局對(dui)(dui)(dui)上(shang)海工(gong)委作出(chu)指示，在代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)團(tuan)成員返滬之(zhi)后(hou)要派人(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)參加南(nan)京(jing)(jing)請(qing)(qing)愿(yuan)的(de)(de)盛丕華、蕢延芳(fang)、張?伯、包達(da)三人(ren)(ren)進行慰問。上(shang)海地方黨組織發動(dong)(dong)各界群眾慰問受(shou)傷(shang)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)以講演(yan)會、文(wen)藝晨會、文(wen)藝交誼會等形式，“請(qing)(qing)民(min)主人(ren)(ren)士講演(yan)反對(dui)(dui)(dui)內戰，爭取和平(ping)(ping)民(min)主”。
南京局(ju)在(zai)(zai)請(qing)愿過程及(ji)善后的(de)統(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)作是(shi)全方位(wei)的(de)，充分的(de)前期統(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)作進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)增強了(le)廣大(da)(da)群眾在(zai)(zai)游行示(shi)威活動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)和(he)(he)平的(de)渴望(wang)(wang)，表明了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨是(shi)真(zhen)誠希望(wang)(wang)謀求民(min)(min)主(zhu)與和(he)(he)平的(de)。而南京局(ju)在(zai)(zai)“下關(guan)慘案”后的(de)統(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)作，使中(zhong)間人士認識到國(guo)民(min)(min)黨的(de)一(yi)(yi)黨專政(zheng)使得人民(min)(min)以和(he)(he)平方式(shi)爭取民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)可能(neng)性不大(da)(da)，如(ru)若爆發(fa)內(nei)戰(zhan)(zhan)責任必在(zai)(zai)于國(guo)民(min)(min)黨。對(dui)(dui)此，他們(men)“更加理解(jie)反對(dui)(dui)內(nei)戰(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)必要，更加理解(jie)中(zhong)國(guo)前途是(shi)寄托在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)共身上”。雷潔瓊(qiong)指出：“有共產黨的(de)領(ling)導(dao)，有廣大(da)(da)人民(min)(min)的(de)支持，我們(men)的(de)爭民(min)(min)主(zhu)要和(he)(he)平運動(dong)(dong)，一(yi)(yi)定會蓬勃(bo)發(fa)展，勢不可擋。”
三、中共中央南京局在“六二三”運動中的統戰工(gong)作評析
在(zai)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央“六二三”運(yun)動(dong)背后，是(shi)以周恩來為代表的南京(jing)局(ju)(ju)對上海民眾(zhong)和各團(tuan)體開展的多(duo)方面的統戰工(gong)(gong)作。南京(jing)局(ju)(ju)順應了廣大(da)(da)人(ren)民群(qun)眾(zhong)的訴(su)求，以統戰工(gong)(gong)作爭(zheng)取了最大(da)(da)多(duo)數的民心，并形成了以下統戰特點。
（一）統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)堅持(chi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下一盤棋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)路(lu)。第(di)一，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)全面(mian)執行(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。抗戰(zhan)勝利之后(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)時(shi)局(ju)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)斷與應(ying)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策略，1946年(nian)3月(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)局(ju)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)分局(ju)發(fa)出(chu)指(zhi)示，要求(qiu)“切實(shi)具體地(di)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，以(yi)(yi)分化與爭取頑軍，反(fan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)戰(zhan)陰(yin)謀為主要目標”。5月(yue)15日(ri)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)電告周(zhou)恩來(lai)：“在(zai)一切大城市中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，除發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)群眾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)外，應(ying)用極大力量爭取各(ge)部分中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)派(pai)及(ji)(ji)國(guo)民(min)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)派(pai)。”南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)建(jian)立之后(hou)(hou)，按照中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)指(zhi)示，把統(tong)(tong)(tong)一戰(zhan)線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)明確作(zuo)(zuo)為南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)重要任務，建(jian)立面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不同統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部門以(yi)(yi)加強對(dui)(dui)(dui)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)也在(zai)關(guan)(guan)注“六(liu)(liu)二(er)三”運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事態(tai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，“下關(guan)(guan)慘案”發(fa)生之后(hou)(hou)，毛澤東(dong)和(he)朱德向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)代表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)致慰問電，指(zhi)出(chu)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)一貫堅持(chi)和(he)平(ping)(ping)民(min)主方針，誓與全國(guo)人民(min)一致為阻止(zhi)內(nei)戰(zhan)、爭取和(he)平(ping)(ping)奮斗。”第(di)二(er)，在(zai)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)“六(liu)(liu)二(er)三”運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)做好對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)請(qing)示報告工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。“六(liu)(liu)二(er)三”運(yun)動(dong)(dong)前(qian)夕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6月(yue)21日(ri)，周(zhou)恩來(lai)專門向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)報告了(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)人民(min)和(he)平(ping)(ping)請(qing)愿團(tuan)(tuan)代表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)情(qing)況及(ji)(ji)其政治態(tai)度傾向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，指(zhi)出(chu)代表(biao)團(tuan)(tuan)成(cheng)員(yuan)是(shi)(shi)經上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)方黨(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)通過相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)團(tuan)(tuan)體推選出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，請(qing)愿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為了(le)(le)呼吁和(he)平(ping)(ping)、制止(zhi)內(nei)戰(zhan)，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)請(qing)示報告讓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)了(le)(le)解(jie)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)以(yi)(yi)適時(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)指(zhi)示。第(di)三，在(zai)落(luo)實(shi)“六(liu)(liu)二(er)三”運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)始終發(fa)揮了(le)(le)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用，其下屬機構能夠及(ji)(ji)時(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)進行(xing)請(qing)示匯報或保持(chi)溝通交(jiao)流(liu)。例如，請(qing)愿運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設想是(shi)(shi)由(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)提議，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)人匯報并征得周(zhou)恩來(lai)同意后(hou)(hou)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一對(dui)(dui)(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)方黨(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)出(chu)指(zhi)示，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)方黨(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)互配合，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)了(le)(le)對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)人士(shi)、青年(nian)學生、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)各(ge)界群眾等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一戰(zhan)線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)匯報進展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。“下關(guan)(guan)慘案”發(fa)生后(hou)(hou)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)特地(di)派(pai)許滌(di)新(xin)前(qian)往南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)所在(zai)地(di)梅(mei)園(yuan)新(xin)村向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)周(zhou)恩來(lai)、董(dong)必武(wu)匯報上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)情(qing)況，聽取南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)局(ju)對(dui)(dui)(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示。
南京局作為中(zhong)共(gong)派(pai)駐的秘密(mi)(mi)代表機關，在國統區開(kai)展統戰工作既(ji)要相對隱蔽同時還要注重(zhong)實效，這就必須堅持上(shang)下一盤棋(qi)的思路，做到(dao)上(shang)下聯通(tong)，體(ti)現了中(zhong)國共(gong)產黨(dang)人嚴密(mi)(mi)的組(zu)織紀律(lv)性(xing)。
（二）注(zhu)重與中間人士(shi)保持(chi)良好(hao)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)。為了做好(hao)中間人士(shi)的(de)(de)統戰(zhan)工(gong)作，上(shang)(shang)海(hai)工(gong)委經常與他們開展多(duo)種形式(shi)活動以(yi)保持(chi)密切聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。通過宴請民主人士(shi)以(yi)增進交(jiao)流。5月8日(ri)，南京局宣(xuan)傳部負(fu)責人之一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)陸定(ding)一(yi)(yi)來到上(shang)(shang)海(hai)，在(zai)來喜飯店宴請黃炎培、馬敘倫、沙千里(li)、郭(guo)沫若、許廣平、梁(liang)漱溟(ming)以(yi)及華僑領袖司徒美堂等人，邀請中間人士(shi)訪問解放區(qu)。以(yi)文化(hua)交(jiao)流促進聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)也是(shi)主要方(fang)式(shi)，夏衍、馮(feng)乃超是(shi)南京局上(shang)(shang)海(hai)工(gong)委委員(yuan)，曾經都(dou)是(shi)“左聯(lian)(lian)”的(de)(de)骨干，5月23日(ri)，他們以(yi)文化(hua)人的(de)(de)身份在(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)紅(hong)棉酒家(jia)參加(jia)(jia)平劇改(gai)進座(zuo)談會(hui)(hui)，這樣的(de)(de)活動無(wu)形之中使中共加(jia)(jia)強了與上(shang)(shang)海(hai)文化(hua)界的(de)(de)聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。此外，南京局成員(yuan)主動參加(jia)(jia)第三方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)聚(ju)會(hui)(hui)。敘餐會(hui)(hui)是(shi)工(gong)商(shang)界上(shang)(shang)層集會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種形式(shi)。上(shang)(shang)海(hai)工(gong)委工(gong)作人員(yuan)常通過私人關系(xi)(xi)(xi)，積極參加(jia)(jia)敘餐會(hui)(hui)，以(yi)增加(jia)(jia)與上(shang)(shang)層人士(shi)的(de)(de)情感(gan)，借以(yi)交(jiao)流情況，交(jiao)換意(yi)見，統一(yi)(yi)他們的(de)(de)思(si)想認(ren)識。
南京(jing)局之所以能(neng)夠和中(zhong)(zhong)間人士建立良好的(de)關系，最(zui)主要是因(yin)為(wei)雙方(fang)都(dou)以和平、民主、團結(jie)為(wei)共(gong)同(tong)的(de)價(jia)值追求，在參加舊政協、國共(gong)談判(pan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)間人士切實感受到中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)是以上政治價(jia)值的(de)真正踐行(xing)者，無形之中(zhong)(zhong)增加了(le)統戰工作的(de)親(qin)和力，而國民黨方(fang)面(mian)顯(xian)然是做不到的(de)。
（三）堅持公開與秘密(mi)(mi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)相結合的統戰原(yuan)則。這次統戰工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中，南(nan)京局始終堅持了公開與秘密(mi)(mi)嚴(yan)格分開的統戰原(yuan)則，但兩條線(xian)也保持密(mi)(mi)切配合，劉曉回憶指出：“‘六二三’運動能獲得成功(gong)……由于上(shang)海(hai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)委員會和上(shang)海(hai)地下黨共同配合、協作(zuo)(zuo)，統一部署。”
一(yi)方面，為(wei)了(le)隱蔽，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地方黨組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)嚴格分開(kai)(kai)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員有(you)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)能夠利用合(he)法身(shen)份對(dui)各(ge)界上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)人(ren)(ren)士開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地方黨組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)完全以(yi)秘密(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)方式開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。這個(ge)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，以(yi)周恩來為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)南京(jing)局領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)極(ji)其謹慎的(de)(de)(de)態度(du)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。例如(ru)，在許滌新(xin)赴南京(jing)向周恩來匯報了(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)社會(hui)各(ge)界在獲悉“下(xia)關慘案”后的(de)(de)(de)反應之后，南京(jing)局對(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出指(zhi)示(shi)，要求組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)此次統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地方黨組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)注意(yi)安全，如(ru)已經(jing)暴(bao)露(lu)身(shen)份的(de)(de)(de)要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)轉移撤離，從而(er)保存統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)力量。因此，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)“同地下(xia)黨只(zhi)有(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合(he)，不發(fa)生組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)關系”。另一(yi)方面，二者又(you)密(mi)(mi)切配(pei)合(he)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)對(dui)象主(zhu)要是社會(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)，而(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地方黨組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)對(dui)象主(zhu)要是基層(ceng)群(qun)眾(zhong)，“根據(ju)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)廣大群(qun)眾(zhong)希望和(he)平、反對(dui)內戰的(de)(de)(de)思想狀況，我們(men)提出地下(xia)黨的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)要扎扎實實地做發(fa)動群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)”。兩個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)相互配(pei)合(he)，有(you)時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)對(dui)象也(ye)存在交(jiao)集，比如(ru)地方組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)劉(liu)曉等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)對(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)人(ren)(ren)士蕢延芳、包(bao)達三(san)等(deng)(deng)進行統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰，而(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)“青委(wei)(wei)(wei)”和(he)“經(jing)委(wei)(wei)(wei)”也(ye)在一(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)做群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，因此，兩個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)戰一(yi)直(zhi)保持(chi)了(le)密(mi)(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合(he)。
綜(zong)上所(suo)述，在(zai)(zai)(zai)南京局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導下，“六(liu)二三”運動(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼吁(yu)民(min)主(zhu)與和平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)聲勢(shi)，實(shi)際上宣(xuan)告了(le)國(guo)統(tong)區民(min)心大(da)(da)規模(mo)變(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開始。李維漢指(zhi)出：“這次(ci)上海(hai)(hai)和平(ping)請愿(yuan)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)和‘下關慘案’，是大(da)(da)革命(ming)以(yi)來(lai)上海(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乃(nai)至全國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一次(ci)聲勢(shi)浩(hao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾運動(dong)(dong)(dong)，影響極大(da)(da)，深(shen)(shen)刻地教育了(le)廣大(da)(da)人民(min)。”周恩來(lai)這年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)致電中(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信中(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)出，在(zai)(zai)(zai)和上海(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)間人士(shi)接(jie)觸后，“深(shen)(shen)感一般(ban)政(zheng)治認(ren)識大(da)(da)有進步。在(zai)(zai)(zai)蔣美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)實(shi)際教育下，多能認(ren)破蔣政(zheng)權之(zhi)無望及(ji)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)帝(di)國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)之(zhi)實(shi)質”。而且反(fan)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)情緒也在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)眾之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)激增(zeng)，“一年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)軍在(zai)(zai)(zai)滬之(zhi)橫行及(ji)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)貨之(zhi)充(chong)斥(chi)，不(bu)滿美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)之(zhi)情緒遍于民(min)間……對美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)斗(dou)爭雖曲折復雜，但已(yi)(yi)不(bu)如過去(qu)想象之(zhi)難”。之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上海(hai)(hai)社(she)會各界對美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)蔣認(ren)識發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)轉變(bian)，南京局領(ling)(ling)導下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一戰線(xian)工作(zuo)發(fa)揮了(le)重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。以(yi)“六(liu)二三”運動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)為民(min)心大(da)(da)規模(mo)變(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起點，再(zai)以(yi)1946年(nian)(nian)冬發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗議美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)軍暴(bao)行運動(dong)(dong)(dong)為承接(jie)，至1947年(nian)(nian)五二〇運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，國(guo)統(tong)區人心變(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)已(yi)(yi)經從上海(hai)(hai)逐漸席卷至全國(guo)，毛澤東所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“第二條戰線(xian)”悄然(ran)形成(cheng)，最(zui)終中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨在(zai)(zai)(zai)全國(guo)范(fan)圍內，在(zai)(zai)(zai)人心向背問題上完成(cheng)了(le)對國(guo)民(min)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本性(xing)逆轉，而民(min)心所(suo)向則勝之(zhi)所(suo)往。
（本(ben)(ben)文(wen)作者系揚州大學馬克思主義學院(yuan)副(fu)教授，本(ben)(ben)文(wen)系教育部人文(wen)社科(ke)研究項目“中共中央南京局統戰工作的(de)歷史(shi)經(jing)驗及其當代(dai)價值研究”的(de)階段性(xing)成果。）
